Pathological hatred of Pak establishment towards India was the foundation of the state.

Military Aspect – Operation Koh Paima started by kargil clique involved top 2 to 3 Generals to settle long time scores with Indian counterpart.

Operation involved various stages with first part involving literally no resistance to enemy troops as these peaks were unoccupied . Fairy tales woven by Pak Generals as they had not taken worst case scenario in context of planning of such operation .

Another fault they have forgotten how to extricate the troops once Indians responded it militarily.

Later on when intruders were spotted they were called mujahedeen who are supporting Kashmir struggle. It was a red herring to involve mujahedeen by Pak establishment to negate the any role of Pak establishment. Pakistan Army had pre conceived notion that Kashmir issue can be settled by military ways only.

Operation Koh Paima was operationalized as Pak Generals had in their scheme of things to cut NH-1A to cut off supplies of Indian Troops stationed at leh & Siachen sector , force Indians to kneel down .

Militarily Pak hawkish Generals had never expected such drastic Indian response to occupation as they had thought India will take this as lie down.

For Indians major winning factor was use of Artillery esp Bofors Gun and Air power. Pak Generals already had calculated nuclear black mail in their mind if India responsed at International border , so limiting the conflict to LOC was a brownie point scored by Mr.Vajpayee over his Pak counterpart.

Indians were caught napping as they were confused about the extent and no of intruders occupying the peaks and fighting at these icy peaks were taking heavy toll upon troops.

Politically as election year was coming near in India so Mr. Vajpayee has to win this war at every cost as it could have political ramifications. So he mobilized every tool at its disposal to pressurize Pak to regain its lost terriority. Mian Nawaz whole heartedly supported Army Initiative as he was lured that he could be called liberator of Kashmir , his name would be recorded in the annals of Pakistan as like Jinnah.

Nawaz Sharif tried everyway to extricate Pakistan after  kargil debacle. Level of support Pakistan has expected from US was also one factor but they were off guards diplomatically , kudos to Diplomatic corps of India who converted military defeat to win position by their efforts. As it was only after fall of tololing and Tiger hill , Nawaz Sharif got the message , he ran to gather face save his position.

Kargil clique involving Gen. Musharraf , FCNA commander Gen. Mahmud were still adamant to occupy kargil peaks although they were facing heavy toll upon troops , put whole blame game of exit upon Civilian counterparts.

Pak Army was defeated militarily but won political battle at home resulting in coup.

Indo -US relations improved drastically afterwards as Pakistan failed diplomatically to save their position , declared intruders.

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                                                     Varun Rana